Most people I would say have little awareness of a fairly unbelievable medical process that really got going over a decade ago in which a person’s DNA can be edited, just like software code. Here’s a bit of background on the process.
CRISPR was discovered in Japan back in 1987, later understood to be part of a bacteria’s immune system in which bacteria prevent the invasion of viruses by storing a copy of the virus’s DNA (by cutting a piece of the DNA out). When the same virus attempts to reinfect the bacteria, the bacteria’s Cas protein uses the stored DNA copy (CRISPR) to match the one in the attacking virus, then like a pair of molecular scissors, cuts out the same sequence DNA to disarm it. Over time, scientists have figured out how to modify this process to not only cut but also replace, specific genes in the human genome. Cut-and-paste gene editing, as well as silencing or activating genes is here and already used for example in our food. Some of that is due to CRISPR, and unlike the GMO process which might insert fish genes into your fruit, CRISPR simply tweaks existing genes, and it’s here today. You can buy apples that have had their genes modified such that the apple does not brown after you cut it.
Today, gene editing is already fast on its way to becoming a mainstream treatment for genetic illnesses, with dozens of companies already on the market developing genetic cures. It appears to be the holy grail of repairing defective genes and among the most miraculous of cures today. For example, just last year, a cure for the fairly well-known genetic disease of sickle cell disease was brought to market. Some are immediately skeptical and suggest patients will need treatment for a lifetime, but that is not the case. It takes one dose generally.
How could anyone deny that such tools can cure humanity of so many diseases? Today, 6 out of 10 people will be affected by a condition that has some genetic background. It is now generally believed that around 40% of all diseases have a genetic origin and that 80% of rare diseases have genetic origins. Clearly, CRISPR and improved alternatives to CRISPR, which will arrive over time, are invaluable to solving countless diseases plaguing humanity. But then, what’s next?
The potential for “designer babies” has been discussed for decades now. Even beyond birth, people should be able to start changing simple things like eye color, hair color, and even skin color. Some traits like hair curliness, baldness, and lactose intolerance may involve only a few genes, so gene modification packages for these may come sooner than say height, eye color, which may involve many more genes, but even the more complex traits will be changeable with gene-editing tools, given enough time. Anything that improves health, wealth (intelligence), and love (or at least appearance), will likely be marketable for the next 100 years.
There is of course a precedent for this shift from pain to pleasure, or from suffering to gratification. Plastic surgery’s original purpose was to treat disfigurement, burns, birth defects, and other health issues, some of which were life-threatening, but today, the primary use is primarily to improve one’s looks [how much?]. The transition from “reducing pain” to “increasing pleasure” continues. Likewise, dental work originally served the purpose of fixing tooth decay, but today it is increasingly appearance-based. Braces, teeth whitening, veneers, and other dental procedures increase in popularity each year as the costs of such drops over time. The future of dental work may eventually be all cosmetic.
The logical outcome then is that after most serious diseases are cured, the shift to increased intelligence and beauty will accelerate, but like most things, as society improves on these, society’s minimum bar of “what is good” enough always moves higher in the never-ending rat race of life. The problems people will perceive, or perhaps I should say invent, will never end. “The first lesson of economics is scarcity: There is never enough of anything to satisfy all those who want it. The first lesson of politics is to disregard the first lesson of economics.” Thomas Sowell. I tend to think that no matter how much gene editing may improve society, no one will be happier for long. History suggests the same.
Even recently, the discussion of why society should have robots has been that robots will take over unwanted, dangerous, and boring jobs. While I do think the Industrial Revolution has hyper-specialized countless jobs into mass monotony, I am not sure of the logical outcome of this argument in favor of robots. The likely outcome is that robots will do all jobs of material importance, and people will either recreate or rely exclusively on a social economic system, but I discuss various outcomes in depth in other chapters.
Won’t “ethics” prevent some of this? Consider that over time, the guard of ethics always shifts and, as such is culturally driven; so as long as the dominant paradigm does not reject “pleasure” being the main purpose of life for society as a whole, then it is reliable to predict that genetic editing will march forward, just like all the other ethical taboos that have arisen but then increasingly faded over the last century, such as abortion. And if some people are using it to increase their intelligence dramatically, then chances are, everyone else will need to do the same just to prevent them from being overtaken by a significantly “smarter” group of people. Even if govt attempts to ban gene modification at the commercial level, such is impossible for obvious reasons at the individual level as long as some freedom remains.
If ethics and government cannot stop this behavior, then what are the implications? Who doesn’t want to be just a little smarter, a little better looking, a little more successful? Losing weight will no longer be limited to diet, exercise, or a pill. Need to build muscle fast? There is a download for that too. Surely, the only reason steroids are not more popular outside of sports is their side effects, so if you can get rid of those through precise and direct modification at the cellular level, then everyone might look like the world’s best athletes today–no exercise needed. I imagine the desire for greater intelligence will be at the top of the list tho, perhaps borrowing DNA from smart people as a template or off of synthesized models of intelligence genes.
Gene modification will provide so many modifications. When a mother says “I could get more done if I just had four arms” and “if had eyes on the back of my head,” realize that gene-editing tech will eventually solve that problem, if the future still has mothers of course (enter stage right, the book “Brave New World” where all conception is centrally planned and controlled in government labs).
The basic modifications mentioned above are just the beginning of what might be possible. If editing our DNA becomes increasingly easy, given enough time, the ability to change ourselves into anything we imagine ourselves to be, will occur. Do you want to look like someone else, someone famous perhaps? Do you want to be a giant today or a dwarf? How about a troll, fairy, or even a flying unicorn (Pegasus)? Perhaps you fancy being a T-rex, brontosaurus, other human-dinosaur, or even a tree, but still in possession of your highly modified brain of course? With DNA essentially being very much like complex software code, and an increasing number of tools to modify it like a read-write database, much like software, then there will be few limits to what we can change about ourselves. Suddenly fantasy books no longer seem like fantasy anymore.
This brings up the questions of mental health and behavior as well. Current medicine and treatments will be seen as primitive compared to newer technologies that can cure mental health issues at the click of a button. What above improving positive traits? Need extreme patience, stamina, discipline, or focus? Today’s drugs, like ADHD meds, will eventually pale in comparison.
And yet, even with all of this “progress,” no level of looks, intelligence, or achievement attained will be satisfactory for humanity. The first rule of economics, according to Thomas Sowell, is “There is never enough of anything to satisfy all those who want it,” similar to the sages of old:
- “He that loveth silver shall not be satisfied with silver;” – Ecclesiastes 5:10-12,
- “Competition for more˹gains diverts you from Allah” – Surah At-Takathur (102:1-2)
- ” do not spend money for that which is of no worth, nor your labor for that which cannot satisfy.” – 2 Nephi 9:51 (Book of Mormon)
So, if all of these superficial improvements occur, the big question to me is, will there be an increased demand for more meaningful attributes, such as the increase of love? Well, are there jobs or courses that teach love? Are there IQ tests for love, or just intelligence? Are there any genetic tests today for a “love” gene? So, if we can only improve the outward self, chances are it will continue to overshadow more meaningful traits like kindness.
The other ultimate question is, if we can modify our genes to become anyone or anything we want, how does this work in light of the idea that we are not simply an accident of the universe, but instead the creation of a Creator? If we came here for a purpose, perhaps to overcome our flaws and weaknesses? If so, all of this genetic modification seems to have a high potential to frustrate that plan. Kaczynski says, given enough time, technology will head to the point where we will all essentially become a “manufactured product,” in fact all organisms as there seems little reason to ever stop tinkering. I will say, that perhaps there is some grander vision of humanity, but there would need to be considerable changes to the current state of human affairs.